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Date: April 30, 2024 Tue
Time: 3:29 am
Time: 3:29 am
Results for violence-related injuries
3 results foundAuthor: Upton, Val Title: Violence-related Accident & Emergency Attendances by English Local Authority Area Summary: This report details the first full national violence-related Accident & Emergency (A&E) first attendance dataset by local authority in England. The report outlines the methodology used to create an experimental complete national dataset using the HES A&E Attendances in England (experimental statistics). This work has been undertaken to address data quantity and data quality issues in the HES A&E dataset. • A&E departments see many individuals involved with assaults that are not reported to the police. Therefore, this experimental national dataset has been created to enhance existing intelligence on police recorded violent crime at the local authority level using A&E department data, and explore the geographical inequalities in violence-related A&E attendances across England. • This resident based experimental analysis provides new intelligence for a variety of agencies working in violence prevention (local authorities, police, NHS Trusts, community safety partnerships, public health research, and the voluntary sector). • Across England, based on HES A&E (experimental) and imputed values, the model estimates that in the 12 month period April 2010 to March 2011 there were 189,672 violence-related A&E first attendances (360.1 per 100,000 resident population). • At the regional level, violence-related A&E first attendances are higher in the north of England compared to southern regions (with the exception of London). Across the English Regions the estimates range between 224.9 per 100,000 in the East of England and 512.2 per 100,000 in the North West. • The estimates highlight wide geographical variation in violence-related A&E first attendances across English local authorities, ranging from 54.9 per 100,000 in East Devon to 994.8 per 100,000 in Liverpool. • Residents of larger cities, smaller provincial towns and coastal towns experience higher levels of violence-related A&E first attendances (e.g. Preston 806.2 per 100,000; Middlesbrough 809.4 per 100,000; Blackpool 696.6 per 100,000) than less densely populated areas (e.g. Mid Devon 64.4 per 100,000; West Somerset 99.0 per 100,000). • There is a strong positive correlation between deprivation and violence-related A&E attendances (r = 0.74; p<0.001) indicating that A&E attendances rise with increasing levels of deprivation. • The relationship between levels of urbanity and violence-related A&E attendances is significant albeit weaker than for deprivation (r = 0.53; p <0.001) indicating that higher numbers of attendances are not exclusive to more densely populated areas, and that some predominantly rural areas experience high levels of violence-related attendances (e.g. Allerdale 310.6 per 100,000). However, at the local authority level, areas with the lower violence-related A&E first attendance rates were predominantly rural (e.g. West Devon 60.3 per 100,000; South Lakeland 69.4 per 100,000). a The data used in this study are restricted to ‘first attendances’ to avoid duplicates (e.g. a patient may attend A&E subsequent to their first attendance as a planned follow up appointment to have a dressing changed, or as an unplanned follow up attendance relating to the original reason for the first attendance). • Approximately 59% of the variance in A&E attendance rates across England can be explained by levels of deprivation or levels of urbanity, with deprivation (ß = 0.63) having a much greater influence on violence-related A&E attendances than population density (ß = 0.23). • There is a strong positive correlation between violence-related A&E attendances and police recorded violence against the person (with injury) figures (r = 0.86; p <0.001) indicating a close link between the rate of A&E assault attendances and more serious police recorded violence. There are more A&E assault presentations per police recorded assault with injury in the most deprived areas of England, compared to more affluent areas. The process to derive these estimates has identified both data quality and quantity issues (e.g. missing data, invalid data) within the published HES A&E national dataset (experimental). With increased use of the data (e.g. to inform local policy and target local interventions to prevent violence) reporting should improve and the data will become a valuable resource for public health and health care planners as well as for multi-agency working with police and other services. The NHS Public Health Outcomes Framework (PHOF) 2013-16 proposes the use of violencerelated hospital admissions as an outcome measure of violent crime. Using hospital admissions data (HES) for the outcome measure does identify more serious violence-related incidents however A&E attendances could be more informative. Hospital admissions data has been used as part of this model using linear regression to predict missing and invalid A&E attendance data. As a key finding, the analysis in this report identifies that hospital admissions data are a strong predictor of A&E attendances, legitimising the use of violence-related hospital admissions as an interim PHOF measure while A&E data quality and quantity improves. The government is committed to the use of A&E department data to achieve a reduction in violence. A range of evidence based and cost effective violence prevention interventions can be delivered to at risk communities by health, educational and social support services. A&E data can form a critical part of targeting such interventions as well as providing additional intelligence to inform criminal justice activities. Details: Liverpool: North West Public Health Observatory, Centre for Public Health, Liverpool John Moores University, 2012. 45p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 4, 2013 at: http://www.cph.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Violence-related-Accident-Emergency-Attendances-front-page.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.cph.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Violence-related-Accident-Emergency-Attendances-front-page.pdf Shelf Number: 128255 Keywords: Emergency Calls, AmbulancesHospitalsViolence (U.K.)Violence-Related InjuriesViolent Crime |
Author: Parks, Sharyn E. Title: Surveillance for Violent Deaths - National Violent Death Reporting System, 16 States, 2010 Summary: Problem/Condition: An estimated 55,000 persons die annually in the United States as a result of violence-related injuries. This report summarizes data from CDC's National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) regarding violent deaths from 16 U.S. states for 2010. Results are reported by sex, age group, race/ethnicity, marital status, location of injury, method of injury, circumstances of injury, and other selected characteristics. Reporting Period Covered: 2010. Description of System: NVDRS collects data regarding violent deaths obtained from death certificates, coroner/medical examiner reports, law enforcement reports, and secondary sources (e.g., child fatality review team data, supplementary homicide reports, hospital data, and crime laboratory data). NVDRS data collection began in 2003 with seven states (Alaska, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, Oregon, South Carolina, and Virginia) participating; six states (Colorado, Georgia, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Rhode Island, and Wisconsin) joined in 2004, four (California, Kentucky, New Mexico, and Utah) in 2005, and two in 2010 (Ohio and Michigan), for a total of 19 states. This report includes data from 16 states that collected statewide data in 2010; data from California are not included in this report because data were not collected after 2009. Ohio and Michigan were excluded because data collection, which began in 2010, did not occur statewide until 2011. Results: For 2010, a total of 15,781 fatal incidents involving 16,186 deaths were captured by NVDRS in the 16 states included in this report. The majority (62.8%) of deaths were suicides, followed by homicides and deaths involving legal intervention (i.e., deaths caused by law enforcement and other persons with legal authority to use deadly force, excluding legal executions) (24.4%), deaths of undetermined intent (12.2%), and unintentional firearm deaths (0.7%). Suicides occurred at higher rates among males, non-Hispanic whites, American Indians/Alaska Natives, and persons aged 45-54 years. Suicides most often occurred in a house or apartment and involved the use of firearms. Suicides were preceded primarily by a mental health or intimate partner problem, a crisis during the previous 2 weeks, or a physical health problem. Homicides occurred at higher rates among males and persons aged 20-24 years; rates were highest among non-Hispanic black males. The majority of homicides involved the use of a firearm and occurred in a house or apartment or on a street/highway. Homicides were precipitated primarily by arguments and interpersonal conflicts or in conjunction with another crime. Interpretation: This report provides a detailed summary of data from NVDRS for 2010. The results indicate that violent deaths resulting from self-inflicted or interpersonal violence disproportionately affected persons aged <55 years, males, and certain minority populations. For homicides and suicides, relationship problems, interpersonal conflicts, mental health problems, and recent crises were among the primary precipitating factors. Because additional information might be reported subsequently as participating states update their findings, the data provided in this report are preliminary. Public Health Action: For the occurrence of violent deaths in the United States to be better understood and ultimately prevented, accurate, timely, and comprehensive surveillance data are necessary. NVDRS data can be used to monitor the occurrence of violence-related fatal injuries and assist public health authorities in the development, implementation, and evaluation of programs and policies to reduce and prevent violent deaths at the national, state, and local levels. NVDRS data have been used to enhance prevention programs. Examples include use of linked NVDRS data and adult protective service data to better target elder maltreatment prevention programs and improve staff training to identify violent death risks for older adults in North Carolina, use of Oklahoma VDRS homicide data to help evaluate the effectiveness of a new police and advocate intervention at domestic violence incident scenes, and data-informed changes in primary care practice in Oregon to more effectively address older adult suicide prevention. The continued development and expansion of NVDRS is essential to CDC's efforts to reduce the personal, familial, and societal impacts of violence. Further efforts are needed to increase the number of states participating in NVDRS, with an ultimate goal of full national representation. Details: Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014. 34p. Source: Internet Resource: Morbidity and Mortality Weekley Report, January 17, 2014: Surveillance Summaries, vol. 63, no. 1: Accessed May 5, 2014 at: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/ss/ss6301.pdf Year: 2014 Country: United States URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/ss/ss6301.pdf Shelf Number: 132233 Keywords: Domestic ViolenceFamily ViolenceHomicideSuicidesViolence-Related InjuriesViolent Crime |
Author: Fowler, Katherine A. Title: Surveillance for Violent Deaths -- National Violent Death Reporting System, 18 States, 2014 Summary: Problem/Condition: In 2014, approximately 59,000 persons died in the United States as a result of violence-related injuries. This report summarizes data from CDC's National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) regarding violent deaths from 18 U.S. states for 2014. Results are reported by sex, age group, race/ethnicity, marital status, location of injury, method of injury, circumstances of injury, and other selected characteristics. Reporting Period Covered: 2014. Description of System: NVDRS collects data from participating states regarding violent deaths. Data are obtained from death certificates, coroner/medical examiner reports, law enforcement reports, and secondary sources (e.g., child fatality review team data, supplemental homicide reports, hospital data, and crime laboratory data). This report includes data from 18 states that collected statewide data for 2014 (Alaska, Colorado, Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, New Mexico, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Utah, Virginia, and Wisconsin). NVDRS collates documents for each death and links deaths that are related (e.g., multiple homicides, a homicide followed by a suicide, or multiple suicides) into a single incident. Results: For 2014, a total of 22,098 fatal incidents involving 22,618 deaths were captured by NVDRS in the 18 states included in this report. The majority of deaths were suicides (65.6%), followed by homicides (22.5%), deaths of undetermined intent (10.0%), deaths involving legal intervention (1.3%) (i.e., deaths caused by law enforcement and other persons with legal authority to use deadly force, excluding legal executions), and unintentional firearm deaths (<1%). The term "legal intervention" is a classification incorporated into the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) and does not denote the lawfulness or legality of the circumstances surrounding a death caused by law enforcement. Suicides occurred at higher rates among males, non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaska Natives (AI/AN), non-Hispanic whites, persons aged 45-54 years, and males aged ≥75 years. Suicides were preceded primarily by a mental health, intimate partner, substance abuse, or physical health problem or a crisis during the previous or upcoming 2 weeks. Homicide rates were higher among males and persons aged <1 year and 15-44 years; rates were highest among non-Hispanic black and AI/AN males. Homicides primarily were precipitated by arguments and interpersonal conflicts, occurrence in conjunction with another crime, or related to intimate partner violence (particularly for females). When the relationship between a homicide victim and a suspected perpetrator was known, it was most often either an acquaintance/ friend or an intimate partner. Legal intervention death rates were highest among males and persons aged 20-44 years; rates were highest among non-Hispanic black males and Hispanic males. Precipitating factors for the majority of legal intervention deaths were alleged criminal activity in progress, the victim reportedly using a weapon in the incident, a mental health or substance abuse problem, an argument or conflict, or a recent crisis. Deaths of undetermined intent occurred more frequently among males, particularly non-Hispanic black and AI/AN males, and persons aged 30-54 years. Substance abuse, mental health problems, physical health problems, and a recent crisis were the most common circumstances preceding deaths of undetermined intent. Unintentional firearm deaths were more frequent among males, non-Hispanic whites, and persons aged 10-24 years; these deaths most often occurred while the shooter was playing with a firearm and were most often precipitated by a person unintentionally pulling the trigger or mistakenly thinking the firearm was unloaded. Details: Atlanta: e Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2018. 36p. Source: Internet Resource: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Surveillance Summaries / Vol. 67 / No. 2: Accessed February 6, 2018 at: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/67/ss/pdfs/ss6702-H.pdf Year: 2018 Country: United States URL: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/67/ss/pdfs/ss6702-H.pdf Shelf Number: 149005 Keywords: Domestic ViolenceFamily ViolenceGun-Related ViolenceHomicideMurdersSuicidesViolence-Related InjuriesViolent Crime |